Conjunctivitis, often referred to as pink eye, is an eye condition that many people encounter. Dr Tina Khanam, an ophthalmologist based in London, provides insights into what conjunctivitis is, its different types, and how to manage and prevent it. Here’s everything you need to know to keep your eyes healthy.
What is conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva, the thin layer of tissue covering the white part of your eye and the inner surface of your eyelids, becomes inflamed. This inflammation can cause various symptoms, including:
- Redness in the eye
- Discharge or watering
- Itching or a burning sensation
These symptoms can make your eyes feel uncomfortable and may affect your daily activities.
Types of conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis can be classified into several types, each with its own cause and treatment approach:
1. Allergic conjunctivitis
This type is commonly triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. It often coincides with hay fever and is characterised by redness and watery eyes.
How to manage? This type is commonly triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. It often coincides with hay fever and is characterised by redness and watery eyes.
2. Bacterial conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacterial infections and can lead to significant discharge and redness.
How to manage? Antibiotic eye drops or ointments, such as chloramphenicol, are typically used to treat bacterial infections. These can often be purchased over-the-counter but may require a prescription in some cases.
3. Viral conjunctivitis
This type is caused by viruses and is often associated with a cold or flu. Symptoms may include watery eyes and a feeling of irritation.
How to manage? Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within a week or so. Cold compresses and lubricating eye drops can help ease discomfort. In severe cases, or if symptoms persist, seeing an ophthalmologist or optometrist is advised.
4. Fungal conjunctivitis
Fungal conjunctivitis is rare and usually affects individuals with weakened immune systems or those exposed to certain environments, such as farms.
How to manage? Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, and it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Preventing the spread of conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, especially the viral and allergic types, can be highly contagious. To prevent spreading the infection, consider the following tips:
- Avoid touching your eyes with your hands. If you do touch your eyes, wash your hands thoroughly before and after.
- Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, pillows, or flannels. If you have conjunctivitis, ensure that your partner or housemates use separate bedding and towels.
- If you suffer from allergic conjunctivitis, managing your allergies by avoiding known triggers and using appropriate eye drops can help reduce symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
- If you have conjunctivitis, especially a contagious type, try to minimise contact with others to prevent spreading the infection. This may include staying home from work or school until symptoms improve.
When to see a doctor
While many cases of conjunctivitis can be managed at home, there are instances when professional medical advice is necessary. If you experience:
- Severe discomfort or pain
- Intense redness that does not improve
- Vision changes or sensitivity to light
It’s important to seek advice from an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a faster recovery.
Dr Tina Khanam is a highly skilled ophthalmologist based in London, specialising in both cosmetic and functional eyelid surgery, including blepharoplasty. With extensive experience in addressing issues related to droopy and baggy eyelids, Dr Khanam offers comprehensive care tailored to individual needs.
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